Report Rehabilitation Of Doncaster Quarry -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Report Rehabilitation Of Doncaster Quarry? Answer: Introducation This report paper focuses on the setting up and controlling the construction work at the Doncaster Quarry Site in an effort of converting the site to become a safe community park. Some of the activities which will be undertaken by the council on the site include dewatering of hole, allocation of equipment and manning of earthwork operation establishing haul roads, stabilizing rock faces, and site setup which involves signage, boundary fences, gate house, and amenities. The dimensions of the holes which are present in the quarry is 35 by 85 by 65 meters and it is supposed to be filled and the ground levelled. The figure below shows the Doncaster Quarry Site which is supposed to be rehabilitated return the site into a safe community park: The following are some of the activities which should be undertaken on the Doncaster Quarry Site during the process of converting it into safe community park: Setup of Site The first thing to be done ounce approvals and permissions for the rehabilitation process have been finalized is to set up the site. It is critical to prepare the site for effective and smooth rehabilitation process to ensure that the workers, construction equipment, and general public are kept safe(Ballast, 2014). It is important to critically evaluate the site and create boundaries to prevent an authorized access into the site. The evaluation of the site will determine if there is any amenities which were previously being used in the quarry for the process of mining(Buckshon, 2012). The amenities which should be critically evaluated include pre-existing utilities such as electricity supply and water supply channels. In case these channels are present, then they should be safely removed from the site to prevent injuries and inconveniences on the general public which may be using the supply channels. The products which will be used in the initial set up of the site include sport marking spray, steel caps, and barrier mesh. There is also a need to setting up a phone line on the site as a preliminary site setup since there will be need to communicate with the outside world on updated contracts and plans(Chen, 2016). There is also a need of putting in place a boundary fence as well as mount signs (signage). There is need in ensuring that the signage is clear enough and visible from the outside the quarry site. After the boundaries of the site have been determined, there is need of erecting a fence to create a physical barrier between the construction site and the external area. This will ensure safety of the passers-by, site visitors, and site workers. The setting up of boundary fence will be followed by a gate house which will be the only exit and entry point to or from the site(Chitkara, 2011). The fence is considered strongly around the quarry site when the site is near recreational area or parks, near school or road followed by children on their way to school. The perimeter of the fence should be enough for its intended purpose by noting down that it is difficult to access from the underneath, difficult to climb, suitable height to prevent entry, stable and ability to withstand wind loads anticipated(Cornick, 2013). The mount signs which is located on the exterior section of the site should contain detailed information of the instructions to the visitors of the site, contact information, personal protective equipment which should be put on while in the site, and company name. There is also a need of setting up the site amenities which will be used the construction workers, there amenities will include storage areas, kitchen, temporary toilet, office stationery. This is important since it will limit the movement of the workers from the site to the outside region in such of basic commodities(Kamara, 2015). Rock Stabilization The rock stabilization can be done through pulverizing the barrow material or rock, combining with a chemical additive, and compacting the mixture thoroughly. The stabilization of rock is important since the site was previously a quarry and there is high chances that the place is filled with protruding rocks which need to be stabilized during the process of levelling the ground(Loosemore, 2011). The figure below shows some of the equipment which are used in the process of rock stabilization. The chemical additives which is added to the rock can be inform of sodium chloride, lime, and Portland cement. For the rock stabilization by the use of cement, nearly all types of soils can be used such as fine-grained silts, clays or gravel. Usually the granular materials are utilized since they readily mix and are pulverized. The different types of soil stabilizers in figure 3 above are used since they are four-wheel drive with heavy weights hence can easily crush the rocks when passes on top of a rocky area(Ofori, 2010). The passing grid roller and towed sheepsfoot roller will crash the rocks into small particles making the area level. In case of huge rocks, then additive chemicals will be very effective since they react with the chemical components of the rocks leading to crashing. This chemical additives include sodium chloride and lime(Organization, 2012). After the huge rocks have been broken down by chemical additives, then the rollers will then be passed over them to crush the remaining particles into minute sizes that can be assumed to be part of the natural soil. Establishment of haul roads A haul road is a temporary road constructed to enable the movements of materials, equipment, and workers during the period of rehabilitation of the quarry site. In this quarry site, there is need of constructing a haul road to facilitate the movement of workers, equipment, and materials to and from the site since the region occupied by the quarry is very ragged making it difficult for the any kind of movement within the site to be possible. Haul road is normally done with low expertise, leading to maintaining the roads to be more expensive and high cost of operation of vehicles(Reeves, 2013). The low cost of construction of haul roads is as a result of the roads being constructed only on temporary basis. The savings from maintenance, construction, and design of haul roads is very significant since they road are meant to serve for a short duration of time during the period of rehabilitation of the quarry. The results of the deterioration of haul roads are settlement, rutting, and potholes. Corrugation and frost heave are also common is majority of these roads(SETAC-Europe, 2013). The deterioration of the haul roads are usually caused by poor compaction, vehicles spillage, spring breakup, heavy traffic volume, and precipitation or runoff. The haul roads have been described to be environmentally unfriendly, financially demanding, and time consuming. Before the construction of the haul roads, the step which should be done include clearing the zone in which the haul roads is to be constructed followed by stripping a length of 0.3m of the topsoil. There is also the use of rollers which are shown in figure 3 above for the detection of spots that are soft. This step is followed by the removal of backfilling and soft spots with materials which are consolidated. The rollers will again be used to further soften the road(Searle, 2011). After these steps have been performed, the road will then be ready to the placements of materials. The construction of haul roads entails three different placement of layers namely running layer, base layer, and sub-layer. The road sub-base is designed by placing the coarse which are not greater 100mm. The layer of thickness 500mm will also be placed which is characterized by rough shaping to fit the final surface for driving. The sub-base will then be compacted by machinery with heavy tires. The road base of the haul road is built by applying materials with dimension of 50mm then placing a layer of 300mm thickness. The final drainage system and road alignment will then be incorporated. Compacting the watery road materials with machinery which have heavy wheels(Thorpe, 2016). Allocation of Equipment and Manning of earthwork operations Allocation of equipment and manning of earthwork operations is a critical activity during the rehabilitation of quarry. Allocation of equipment involves proper positioning if equipment in the work site. Equipment should be allocated depending on its nature and work. There are some equipment which are affected by the direct atmospheric condition especially those who are being oiled and greased. The allocation of the equipment is important since it reduces the time spend in looking of the equipment on the site especially after it have been misplaced(Westfall, 2015). For proper allocation of the equipment, it is important to pick the equipment and return it after using it at the exactly the same spot in which it was found. This will make it easier for another person who will wish to look for the same equipment. Allocation of the equipment also involves ensuing that the equipment is in the right condition after using it and repairing it in case it is damaged. Huge machineries should be positioned at a particular spot away from direct atmospheric conditions such as rainfall and direct sunlight. These machineries include tractors, Lorries, and rollers(Whitney, 2013). There should be proper records of the movement of the equipment within the site and at any particular time, the person using the equipment should be recorded and the time which the equipment is supposed to be returned. The quantity of a number of a particular equipment should be regulated such that only a correct quantity of that equipment should be at the site to prevent overcrowding of equipment in the site hence giving more space to enable movement of workers(Ofori, 2010). The allocating of the equipment can also be done by allocating the equipment performing a particular function together with the correct labelling of the functions done by the group. The earthwork operations involves the disturbance of the earth or soil through the means such as construction, dumping of soil, stockpiling, land rehabilitation, infilling, drilling, tunnelling, and excavation. This activity of earthwork is critical since the hole with the dimension of 35 by 85 by 65 meters will be filled through the process of infilling(Searle, 2011). Drilling process will be done so as to break some hard rocks in the site during the process of levelling. The holes left by the quarry will be filled through land rehabilitation and infilling where soil will be transported from areas where it is abundant and then filled in the holes. Levelling which is also a form of earthwork operation, will be done after all the rocks have been stabilized and the holes in the site filled. The levelling should be done by the use of rollers which improves the density of the soil structure through making the oil to be more compact and application of weights on top of the soil. The extra soil which will not be needed can be damped in another location far from the site for proper soil stabilization(Searle, 2011). Dewatering of holes Dewatering of holes is a process whereby water is pumped continuously so as to suppress to water table artificially. This activity is very significant since there is need of lowering the water table in the quarry site during the process of rehabilitation which will improve the dryness of the soil at the site hence making the site to be good for construction activities. The water is removed from the wells through artificially pumping by the use of pump. The constructor should first locate the region where the water table is believed to be higher than normally before digging deep until water table is reached(Ballast, 2014). This will be followed by drilling the water from the well until the correct water table is reached. The strength of the structures which will be constructed depends on the soil structure of the site which is affected by the water table of the region. A watery soil is dangerous in construction since it is a weak soil to erect structures on. It will only take a little force and the structures erected from such a soil structure to fall(Kamara, 2015). Conclusion The report paper above focuses on the setting up and controlling the construction work at the Doncaster Quarry Site in an effort of converting the site to become a safe community park. Some of the activities discussed above which will be undertaken by the council on the site include dewatering of hole, allocation of equipment and manning of earthwork operation establishing haul roads, stabilizing rock faces, and site setup which involves signage, boundary fences, gate house, and amenities. References Ballast, D. K., 2014. Architect's Handbook of Construction Detailing. Michigan: John Wiley Sons. Buckshon, M., 2012. Construction Marketing Ideas: Practical Strategies and Resources to Attract and Retain Profitable Clients for Your Architectural, Engineering Or Construction Business. Chicago: Mark Buckshon. Chen, G., 2016. Building Construction: Project Management, Construction Administration, Drawings, Specs, Detailing Tips, Schedules, Checklists and Secrets Others Don?t Tell You ; (architectural Practice Simplified). Moscow: ArchiteG, Inc. Chitkara, K. K., 2011. Construction Project Management. Toledo: Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Cornick, T., 2013. Construction Project Teams: Making Them Work Profitably. Sidney: Thomas Telford. Hirst, T., 2015. Electric Guitar Construction. Toledo: Hal Leonard Corporation. Kamara, J. M., 2015. Capturing Client Requirements in Construction Projects. New York: Thomas Telford. Loosemore, M., 2011. Essentials of Construction Project Management. London: UNSW Press. Ofori, G., 2010. The Construction Industry: Aspects of Its Economics and Management. Toledo: NUS Press. Organization, U. N. I. D., 2012. Appropriate industrial technology for construction and building materials. New York: United Nations. Reeves, G. M., 2013. Clay Materials Used in Construction. Paris: Geological Society of London. Searle, J. R., 2011. The Construction of Social Reality. Colorado: Simon and Schuster. SETAC-Europe, 2013. Life-cycle Assessment in Building and Construction: A State-of-the-art Report. Michigan: SETAC. Thorpe, B., 2016. Quality Management in Construction. Moscow: Gower Publishing. Westfall, R. S., 2015. The Construction of Modern Science: Mechanisms and Mechanics. Toledo: Cambridge University Press. Whitney, C. S., 2013. Bridges of the World: Their Design and Construction. Colorado: Courier Corpor

The importance of work life balance free essay sample

Explain the importance of work life balance within the employment relationship and how it can be influenced by legislation Work-life balance is about creating and maintaining supportive and healthy work environments, which will enable employees to have balance between work and personal responsibilities and thus strengthen employee loyalty and productivity. Legislation has been introduced to ensure that any negative influence the family is subjected to be eradicated or best minimised; the most recent changed being the Work and Families Act 2006. Work and Families Act 2006†¨Added to The Employment Act 2002 †¢ Statutory Maternity Pay and Statutory Adoption Pay extended to 39 weeks †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Length of service requirement for additional maternity leave removed†¨ †¢ Optional keeping in touch days have been introduced enabling a woman to work for up to 10 days during her maternity leave period without losing her SMP †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ The notice a woman must give if she is changing her date of return from maternity leave has been increased from 28 days to 8 weeks†¨ †¢ Additional Paternity Leave and Pay will entitle employed fathers to a new right of up to 26 weeks†¨ †¢ Additional Paternity Leave, some of which could be paid, if the mother returns to work†¨ The right to request flexible working has also been extended to carers from 6 April 2007. The Employment Act 2002 The Employment Act 2002 introduced new employment legislation specifically to help working parents. Since 6th April 2003, parents with young and disabled children have had more choice and more support than ever before to balance childcare and work in ways that benefits everyone: employers, employees and their children. †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Parents with children aged under the age of 6, and disabled children under the age of 18, have the legal right to request flexible working. †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Maternity pay increased. Subject to their level of earnings, all new mothers are entitled to 6 months paid leave and can take another 6 months unpaid leave, if they qualify. Mothers who have not earned enough to qualify for statutory maternity pay may be entitled to Maternity Allowance. †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ New fathers have the right to two weeks paid paternity leave  at a rate equivalent to statutory maternity pay. †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Parents who adopt also have new rights, similar to maternity and paternity pay and leave.†¨ †¢ The process for maternity, paternity and adoption leave has been simplified to make it easier for companies to handle applications. Part-time workers (Prevention of less favourable treatment) Regulations 2000 This provision ensures that part time workers are treated no less favourably, in their terms and conditions of employment, than their comparable full-time colleagues. †¨ †¢ Part-time employees are entitled to the same hourly rate of pay for normal hours and overtime as comparable full time employees (only if working above full time hours). Part-time employees should have the same access to pension schemes, to annual leave and maternity/paternity leave, sick pay and access to training and promotion. †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Part-time employees should not be selected for redundancy on the grounds that they are part-time. †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Leave entitlement, including bank holidays, should be calculated on a pro-rata basis. Working Time Regulations 1998†¨In October 1998 The Government introduced the Working Time Directive, giving employees protection against working excessive hours.†¨ †¢ Workers time cannot exceed an average of 48 hours/week for each seven day period normally calculated over a standard 17 week reference period (unless another reference period is agreed) and employees are protected by regulations which govern daily and weekly rest breaks during day and night shifts. (20 minute break must be taken in any 6 hour shift) †¢ Employers duties are to offer holiday entitlement to ensure that every worker can take four weeks holiday each year (pro-rata if part-time).†¨ †¢ An employee may opt-out (by signing an agreement saying he/she does not wish to be protected in this way), however, there is protection for individual employees from dismissal or detriment if they refuse or withdraw their opt-out.

Litter Problem/Solution free essay sample

Recently, residents who live near the Buheirah Corniche have increasingly faced the problem of people leaving litter which often ends up in the lagoon. To put an end to the littering, Sharjah Municipality and the semi-private environmental company Beeah are coordinating to draft a new law to punish people who litter. The current fine for littering ranges from Dh200 to Dh250, but the new draft law aims to increase the penalty to Dh2,000. Naina from Sharjah said, â€Å"It is high time that fines were imposed for littering. If a Dh 200 fine already exists why are people still littering? Are there any officers checking on people littering and fining them? Most areas are untidy and plastic bottles, cans etc are seen lying on the streets. I have seen people drinking soft drinks and throwing the can on the road even though there is a trash bin nearby. Nobody is worried about having to pay fine or of being caught littering. We will write a custom essay sample on Litter Problem/Solution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page People have to change their attitudes and understand that they need to keep their locality clean. An awareness programme has to be initiated first. People need to be told that littering would mean paying a heavy fine. Matthew from Dubai commented that even a small amount of litter can make a big difference. † A soda can tossed on a lawn or accumulated cigarette butts along the curb degrade the neighborhood and encourage more litter. Nobody likes to live in a community with trash lying around everywhere. I believe that it’s about time that we started to take interest in this problem. I think the authorities need to put up signs educating the public about the dangers of littering. I believe it can make a difference if your signs are good and get peoples attention. If all this doesn’t work, then the authorities should start to punish and penalize the people who litter. â€Å" Ali from Sharjah added, â€Å"I have always been alarmed by the sight of litter in the Qasba Corniche. It is such a beautiful place, but unfortunately, people don’t seem to appreciate this and leave the place filthy with their litter, especially with plastic bags. Although there are a large number of recycling bins kept by Beeah, people throw garbage all around, except in the bin! I believe more initiative should be taken in educating people about the effects of littering. †

Primary objective of management

Primary objective of management Introduction Milton Friedman’s claim that management’s main objective should be to expand shareholder wealth is misleading. It does not fully embrace certain business dynamics such as shareholder roles, obligations to other stakeholders, the moral minimum, effectiveness of the legal system, as well as sustainability of nonfinancial interests.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Primary objective of management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The essay will discuss shareholder roles, the legal system, existence of other stakeholders, morality and plausibility of other objectives. More than shareholder wealth Scholars know Milton Friedman for believing in free enterprise; consequently, it is not a surprise that he advocated for the primacy of shareholder wealth (Wilcke 2004). He believed that such a goal was symptomatic of the freedoms and rights that cause voluntary exchange and economic success. However, Mi lton and his supporters may have ignored certain crucial elements of business that do not relate directly to shareholder wealth. First, Milton assumed that managers and shareholders are entirely separate entities (Husted Salazar 2006). In today’s business arena, entrepreneurs have so many business structures to choose. Some entrepreneurs may form limited liability firms, public corporations or partnerships. Depending on the structure chosen, a manager may also double as a shareholder and thus perform duties that extend beyond Friedman’s narrow limitation of management’s duties. Friedman’s interpretation of their role was a contractual obligation that placed them at the mercy of their shareholders (Wilcke 2004). He did not consider the fact that some managers may sometimes perform executive decisions on the basis of their equity in the firm. Some of them may decide how capital investments occur or engage in public relations. This implies that managers can be concerned with more than just shareholder’s value if they have practical ownership of an organisation. In this light, management has another key objective that it ought to consider; social performance (Husted Salazar 2006). As such, one can question Friedman’s assertions about the primary objective of management.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One can also criticise Milton’s ideas based on the roles and responsibilities of shareholders, as well. In Freidman’s articles, he assumed that shareholders were permanent, or at least interested in the long term interest of the firm. However, this is not always true; plenty of investors can buy and sell shares without attending shareholder meetings or weighing in managerial/ operational activities (Nesteruk 1990). Most stock markets in the world have stockbrokers who do not consider other in tricate aspects of a business before buying their stock. Theirs is to dwell on price and the immediate benefits they can get from the deal (Nesteruk 1990). As a result, company shareholders can change drastically within a short time. Management would be confused about whose wishes to follow if they focused solely on these shareholders’ interests. The internet age has made stock trading a common practice for inexperienced and short term traders. Companies would be overwhelmed if they tried to meet the needs of people who can come and go as they wish. Managers need to focus on more sustainable approaches to business through a shift to more long-term stakeholders (Wilcke 2004). This unpredictable behaviour of shareholders makes Friedman’s arguments difficult to practice, thus rendering them invalid. The assumption that shareholders’ needs come first because they are the owners of the business is also not consistent with today’s practices (Ghoshal 2005). Mode rn firms have complicated ownership arrangements at any one time. Unlike a real property owner who purchases and uses property as he or she sees fit, business owners (shareholders) do not have a claim over certain corporate asserts. Theoretically, one can treat shareholders as owners, but when one analyses shareholders’ duties carefully, one finds that shareholders do not fit into the ownership mould perfectly (Ghoshal 2005). First, because shareholders appoint managers to act on their behalf and make decisions for them, then managers may have significantly more discretionary power in the company than shareholders. Ownership and control are totally separate in the business environment. This means that shareholders do not possess all the characteristics required to grant them ownership. Shareholders do not make an actual impact on corporate decisions. They are merely beneficiaries of proper decisions. Consequently, their needs should not be the only point of focus for manageme nt.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Primary objective of management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The issue of morality also neutralises this scholar’s arguments on the primary objective of business. If businesses follow Friedman’s assertions about focusing solely on profitability, then they would be reducing corporate morality to nothing more than their legal obligations. If their shareholder needs cause consequences that the law does not govern, then corporations would not be concerned about them. This perspective gives company executives too much power. According to Freidman, an executive who acts as a bureaucratic machine may make as much money as possible so long as the person does not act deceitfully or break the law (Cosans 2008). Friedman’s views fail to encompass the complex nature of morality and thus miss out on an important aspect of business objectives. When Freidman made his ass ertions about the primary objective of management, he had a lot of confidence in the legal system as well as the marketplace. His assumption was that the market had its own way of correcting imbalances in business. Furthermore, the law would ensure that business entities meet their respective obligations. However, the marketplace and the law have numerous flaws that allow disreputable managers to go about their business; this makes Milton’s theory shaky (Post 2003). One of the flaws lies in the degree of punishment that a corporate manager is eligible to when he or she acts wrongfully. Most of the time, judges will expect companies to pay only small amounts of money for their mistakes. Furthermore, law enforcers do not hold managers personally accountable during punishment. As if this is not enough, regulatory schemes designed to protect entities in business are sometimes inconsistent and difficult to implement. This means that management may get away with unfair conduct. Eve n the inherent nature of these laws impedes their effectiveness. Sometimes laws can become so complicated that managers themselves are not sure whether they should follow the law or not. Legislators are in charge of creating these laws, and sometimes a number of them may pursue their own interests when enacting them (Post 2003). Businesses must then surrender control to these self-seeking legislators. Since all the above flaws exist in the development of legal mechanisms, then one must question the ability of the system to protect business interests effectively. The law itself is not adequate enough to ensure that corporate managers behave responsibly. Therefore, companies must take it upon themselves to become socially responsible.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This implies that they should not merely focus on maximisation of shareholder interests as their sole objective. Friedman’s assertions rested on the premise that the marketplace and the law were enough to regulate behaviour, yet this is not true. Unless companies have their own sense of responsibility, then financial prosperity alone will not be adequate. Management’s primary objective differs from Milton’s assertions because managers are not responsible to company owners alone. Employees and customers are other stakeholders that management owes an allegiance (Ghoshal 2005). A firm may choose to increase its wage bill or shrink its working hours purely for noneconomic reasons. This may be done in order to foster a sense of belonging with the organisation. Firms may choose to implement environmentally friendly work policies so as to foster a sustainable business environment; these are all illustrations of CSR. Corporate responsibility, therefore, becomes a crucia l part of conducting business. It implies that profit seeking may not be the primary objective (Wilcke 2004). When management merely focuses on profit maximising activities for shareholders, then it reduces itself to a short-sighted entity. If a company chooses to increase work days for employees, it may not be serving shareholder interests, but it will work towards improvement of the business climate. Corporate social responsibility is a response to the uncertainties that companies have to deal with in this highly dynamic, interconnected and technologically advanced world (Van Beurden and Gossling 2008). A relationship exists between long term profitability and business interests. Smith (2003) explains that companies can easily avoid legal sanctions if they embrace corporate social responsibility. They can also gain sustainable advantage if they do the same. Employees now look for firms with strong values. If a business has a strong belief in CSR, then it can gain sustainable advan tage over its peers through sourcing of better employees. Smith (2003) also adds that companies, which focus on other stakeholders other than shareholders, have the benefit of attracting exceptional talent. They can also enhance their business reputations. These are long term objectives that cannot be achieved if managers merely focus on expansion of shareholder wealth. In line with the latter point, a company owes allegiance to more people than just the shareholders. Customers’ demands are just as critical as any other expectations from share holders (Van Beurden and Gossling 2008). Buyers now expect firms to engage in sustainable business practices (Smith 2003). In other words, they require them to be competent corporate citizens. Since companies are crucial entities in society, then they need to embrace their responsibilities. They now know about business operations and demand more from various firms. For example, customers will research about the sourcing practices of a c ompany, such as Mecca Espresso quite seriously. If they realise that the company gets its coffee from countries which use child labour, then they may boycott the company’s products. Alternatively, if a clothing franchiser like Gucci employs sweatshop labour to produce its items, then customers may lobby against the use of their products. In this regard, social actions are just as significant as financial success to a corporation. In fact, rising consumer expectations have caused most companies to expand their primary objectives from financial ones to social ones (Van Beurden and Gossling 2008). Firms can enjoy the benefit of having a loyal consumer base if they do more than maximisation of shareholder wealth. The enlightenment of consumers has caused buyers to become crucial determinants of corporate policy, thus becoming other contributors to the objectives of doing business. Counters to Friedman’s critics believe that shareholders are different from employees and cus tomers, so equal treatment should not be expected (Post 2003). These advocates of shareholders’ interests affirm that, unlike suppliers or workers, whose contracts commit them to the company, shareholders have no such arrangements to protect them. They add that contracts are always subject to renewal thus allowing these stakeholders to renegotiate the terms of their agreement (Shaw 2009). Privileges accorded to other entities neutralise the benefits associated with being shareholders (Post 2003). However, what these advocates of Friedman’s theory do not realise is shareholders have privileges that other groups do not possess (Post 2003). Shareholders can appoint directors as they see fit. Furthermore, they can sell their shares and abandon a certain company if its performance dissatisfies them. Employees cannot jump from one firm to another as easily as shareholders do because jobs are hard to get. Suppliers have minimal control over their clients’ activities. O ther stakeholders do not posses the same rights that shareholders possess; consequently, management should not try to compensate for their lack of contractual coverage by making shareholder interests their primary objective. Failure to acknowledge other stakeholders in the business environment may cause companies to engage in business practices that have adverse consequences in society. This is because firms may focus only on finance and ignore other equally vital components of business, such as ethics. All firms have a moral minimum that they must uphold in business (Smith 2003). For example, obsession with profit seeking among companies contributed to the global recession. Organisations were willing to perform extreme acts in order to expand shareholder wealth (Bejou 2011). Many of these companies got carried away by short terms gains and failed to think about the long term repercussions of their actions. It was this short-sightedness that eventually led to their demise and distur bances in society, as well. Companies owe their communities some degree of allegiance (Nesteruk 1990). It is also in a firm’s best interest to take care of its community in order to enhance sustainability. Failure to acknowledge the importance of this group may eventually cause unwanted effects upon the business entity. For instance, some companies generate immense profits and hand out generous bonuses to their executives. However, by years end, these firms have also left minimal rewards to their constituents. Some of them have had to close down their businesses owing to the frustrations of their employees or other stakeholders (Bejou 2011). Corporate social responsibility provides a much needed balance in the corporate world because it gives companies a human side. If all organisations were to stick to Milton Friedman’s assertions about financial obligations, they would become cold and uncaring. Businesses would become nothing more than money-making machines with litt le concern for the humans that are the real purpose of the organisations existence. If companies only dwelt on maximisation of shareholder wealth, they would not act with integrity or follow the principles of corporate governance. At least, companies ought to prevent social injury, and when it has occurred, they should try to correct it (Smith 2003). Friedman’s perspective does not encompass the importance of business growth or innovation. Growth has the potential to enhance company profits, as well as society’s wellbeing in general. Therefore, it is smarter to seek growth as an objective rather than shareholder wealth alone (Ahlstrom 2010). A company that frequently innovates will introduce the market to cutting edge products; as a result, the company will become financially successful and also provide numerous benefits to the market. Social goals such as creation of new jobs and generation of enormous profits in business are just some of the many benefits of business growth and innovation. Essentially, communities with highly innovative firms tend to experience better standards of living over time (Ahlstrom 2010). Even economic growth can occur in a country if businesses concentrate on growth as a primary objective; a company that accurately illustrates this point is US Steel. It was the leading steel maker in the US during the early 1990s. At the time, smaller steel mills introduced an innovation that entailed the use of mini mills. It was a revolutionary product that pressured US Steel into adopting their mini mills. Accountants who believed in Freidman’s concerns for financial gain advised the company against it. They instead told them to dwell on their respective upmarket clientele. At the time, the stock market appeared to reward US steel through better equity rewards. However, with time, the smaller entrants began improving their mini mills and eventually altered US Steel’s dominance of the upmarket category. The company fai led to embrace growth and innovation, and this led to attrition of its market share (Ahlstrom 2010). One may assert that their failure stemmed from too much emphasis on profitability and minimal regard for innovation. More effective primary objectives like striving for business growth and innovation exist. Companies would put themselves in a greater position to succeed if they pursued this goal instead of focusing on profitability alone. Perhaps another way one can know that Milton Freidman’s assertions are not all encompassing is through case studies. Practical cases of social responsibility and financial success prove that profitability is not the only objective for businesses. Some of the most profitable organisations are also some of the most sustainable. This implies that they are not merely concerned about shareholders’ wealth. Firms like Coca Cola, Honda, and Adidas are among the most internationally sustainable institutions, yet they still satisfy shareholder n eeds by yielding substantial results (Jensen 2002). Their success is indicative of the fact that companies no longer see shareholder needs as their only objective. These firms have embraced and practiced obligations to other entities. Conclusion Companies can be profitable but still engage in wrong decisions; it is not enough to dwell on financial returns exclusively. Basing one’s decision solely on profits will not guarantee social responsibility, yet the phenomenon is imperative both for the benefit of society and business. Furthermore, a firm has several constituent groups such as suppliers, employees, communities and clients whose needs ought to be acknowledged. Companies can get a greater competitive advantage if the dwelt on more than their shareholders’ needs. A balance between a firm’s needs and others’ needs ought to be maintained in order to foster a degree of maturity in the industry. Opponents to Milton Friedman do not disregard the importance of financial success within an organisation; however, they do not think that it is the only plausible objective. Focusing on other objectives, in addition to shareholder needs, leads to more sustainable results. References Ahlstrom, D 2010, ‘Innovation and Growth: How Business Contributes to Society’, Academy of Management, 7 August, pp 11-24. Bejou, D 2011, ‘Compassion as the New Philosophy of Business’, Journal of Relationship Marketing, no. 10, pp 1-6. Cosans, C 2009, ‘Does Milton Friedman Support a Vigorous Business Ethics?’ Journal of Business Ethics, no. 87, pp 391-399. Ghoshal, S 2005, ‘Bad management theories are destroying good management practices’, Academy of Learning and Education, vol. 4, pp 75-91. Husted, B Salazar, J 2006, ‘Taking Friedman Seriously: Maximising Profits and Social Performance’, Journal of Management Studies, vol. 43 no.1, pp 76-91. Jensen, M 2002, ‘Value maximisation, stakeholder theory and the corporate objective function’, Business Ethics Quarterly, vol. 12, pp. 235-247. Nesteruk, J. 1990, ‘Persons, property, and the corporation: A proposal for a new paradigm’, DePaul Law Review, vol. 39, pp. 543-565. 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How to Make Hydrogen Gas (4 Methods)

How to Make Hydrogen Gas (4 Methods) Its easy to generate hydrogen gas at home or in a lab using common household materials. Heres how to make hydrogen safely. Make Hydrogen Gas - Method 1 One of the easiest ways to obtain hydrogen is to get it from water, H2O. This method employs electrolysis, which breaks water into hydrogen and oxygen gas. water9-volt battery2 paperclips Unbend the paperclips and connect one to each terminal of the battery.Place the other ends, not touching, into a container of water. Thats it!Youll get bubbles off both wires. The one with more bubbles is giving off pure hydrogen. The other bubbles are impure oxygen. You can test which gas is hydrogen by lighting a match or lighter over the container. The hydrogen bubbles will burn; the oxygen bubbles will not burn.Collect the hydrogen gas by inverting a water-filled tube or jar over the wire producing the hydrogen gas. The reason you want water in the container is so you can collect hydrogen without obtaining air. Air contains 20% oxygen, which you want to keep out of the container in order to keep it from becoming dangerously flammable. For the same reason, dont collect the gas coming off both wires into the same container, since the mixture could burn explosively upon ignition. If you wish, you can collect the oxygen in the same way as the hydrogen, but be aware this gas is not ve ry pure. Cap or seal the container before inverting it, to avoid exposure to air. Disconnect the battery. Make Hydrogen Gas - Method 2 There are two simple improvements you can make to improve the efficiency of hydrogen gas production. You can use graphite (carbon) in the form of pencil lead as electrodes and you can add a pinch of salt to the water to act as an electrolyte. The graphite makes good electrodes because it is electrically neutral and wont dissolve during the electrolysis reaction. The salt is helpful because it dissociates into ions which increase the current flow. Tools: 2 pencilssaltcardboardwaterbattery (could go as low as 1.5 V with the electrolyte)2 paperclips or (better yet) 2 pieces of electrical wire Steps: Prepare the pencils by removing the erase and metal caps and sharpening both ends of the pencil.Youre going to use the cardboard to support the pencils in the water. Lay the cardboard over your container of water. Insert the pencils through the cardboard so that the lead is submerged in the liquid, but not touching the bottom or side of the container.Set the cardboard with pencils aside for a moment and add a pinch of salt to the water. You could use table salt, Epsom salts, etc.Replace the cardboard/pencil. Attach a wire to each pencil and connect it to the terminals of the battery.Collect the gas as before, in a container that has been filled with water. Make Hydrogen Gas - Method 3 You can get hydrogen gas by reacting hydrochloric acid with zinc. Zinc Hydrochloric Acid → Zinc Chloride HydrogenZn (s) 2HCl (l) → ZnCl2 (l) H2 (g) hydrochloric acid (muriatic acid)zinc granules (or iron filings or strips of aluminum) Hydrogen gas bubbles will be released as soon as the acid and zinc are mixed. Be very careful to avoid contact with the acid. Also, heat will be given off by this reaction. Homemade Hydrogen Gas - Method 4 sodium hydroxide (found in certain drain clog removers)aluminum (included in the drain removal products or you can use foil) Aluminum Sodium Hydroxide → Hydrogen Sodium Aluminate2Al (s) 6NaOH (aq) → 3H2 (g) 2Na3AlO3 (aq) This is an extremely easy method of making homemade hydrogen gas. Simply add some water to the drain clog removal product! The reaction is exothermic, so use a glass bottle (not plastic) to collect the resulting gas. Hydrogen Gas Safety The main safety consideration is making certain hydrogen gas isnt allowed to mix with oxygen in air. Nothing bad will happen if it does, but the resulting air-hydrogen mixture is much more flammable than hydrogen on its own because it contains oxygen, which acts as an oxidizer.Store hydrogen gas away from an open flame or another ignition source.

Student Success Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Student Success Plan - Essay Example The major purpose of the review is to provide helpful information on the value of the various approaches to parents and teachers so they would be better able to determine which was best for their child/student. In order to affectively ensure that educational pursuits are being taught effectively for the benefit of this young girl, we must provide a plan of action that will enhance her abilities in art and reading yet transfer those abilities toward subjects including mathematics, language, science, social science and music. There have been many studies on the subject of teaching autistic students. Autism is a very complicated disability that affects a child's cognition, perception, speech and motor abilities and so very much more. Seeking other methods for autistic children to express their intelligence has been the goal for many educators. For some with certain disabilities this requires a certain level of motivation. Possessing the ability to structured teaching is the ultimate goal of teaching this autistic girl, especially at the young age of six years. Classrooms must be structured in a specific manner for teachers to effectively teach their autistic students. ... round this young girl's strengths of reading and art would in fact be to the benefit of her educational pursuit, incorporating artistic measures into mathematics, the creation of maps for social sciences, and the use of diagrams which are designed and drawn in artistic formula. Five steps to creating the most effective learning environment and plan for a six year old with autism would require the following: A classroom which is designed to have access to the tools for drawing, painting and other design capacity would in fact be of benefit. Physical organization of the classroom environment is effective in allowing for focused attention on lessons as they are managed. Ensuring the situation in which this student will be fully functional in placement of desks, doors, and bathroom facilities will assure a balanced environment for more enhanced learning experiences. The use of color in the various teaching formats will maintain attention span and allow for focus upon the objectives of the daily lesson. Color, if used effectively, can allow associative capacity, one color for a certain activity, or a certain location in the classroom, such as the bookshelf. The use of scheduling gives a structure to classroom learning utilizing sequential memory and organization of time. Utilizing two levels of scheduling simultaneously will allow for focused individual education along with group activities. Events outlined for the entire classroom that also focus on the time to spend in individual educational pursuits. Utilizing simplified language will facilitate a greater capacity for understanding instruction and communication for both the student and the teacher and the ability to allow autistic students time alone if they need it. Simplified language and the use of pictures to

The ethical issues faced by human resource professionals Research Paper

The ethical issues faced by human resource professionals - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that human resource management is an important part of any business. Since the inception of industrialization, corporations are hiring and recruiting employees, and therefore human resource professionals are not something new. Managing human resource also involves many ethical considerations. In today’s dynamic business realm the job of an HR manager has become extremely difficult because of the increasing diversity in the workplace and bad economic situation all over the world. The present research has identified that human resource professionals are business graduates who specialize in human resource management. They may also take counseling courses in order to take a position of human resource professionals. The license is not required to become a human resource professional because it is a common business-related function. A doctorate can also be pursued in the field. There is no specific code of ethics that governs human resourc e profession. Every organization is free to choose its own ethical standards. The author has rightly presented that there are general laws that restrict organizations to conduct discrimination when hiring employees. There are also harassment laws that are a part of all code of ethics. But there is no universal code of ethics for human resource professionals. The four ethical issues in human resource management pertain to hiring, promotion, firing, and privacy of employees.