Essay examples --

What is a public good? A public good is something that is of benefit to multiple people, including yourself cannot prevent them getting the benefit from. Most things in economics are scarce – say a person is the only one able to enjoy the delicious citrus taste of the can of Diet Coke with Citrus Zest because their consumption of it prevents others from drinking it as well. A public good is something that everyone gets the benefit from, like national defense. This creates the problem for free riders that get the benefit of public goods without paying for them – for instance, a tourist who goes to the seaside and throws his can of Diet Coke with Citrus Zest on the ground, just to be picked up by some council worker who his taxes don't fund. Where the concept gets a bit more controversial is in international affairs, which is where we have the concept of a global public good. Global public goods are things completed by particular countries that benefit everyone else even if they don't have anything to do with it. Because they are inevitably provided by the dominant power and people are rightly suspicious of claims of altruism in foreign policy, it would be safe to say that some people would say the concept doesn't exist. Yet it really does. An often-cited example of a global public good was the way that the United Kingdom kept the seaways open during the period of the Empire, which allowed trading to continue between all countries unhindered. Of course, the British did not do this just because they are jolly good sports. People should not dismiss the belief in one's altruism as a motivating factor in foreign policy; but of course such beliefs are powerless against material interests which dictate to the contrary. By keeping the se... ...we will see the end of uni-polarity and a new era of bi- or tri-polarity as Russia reasserts itself and China grows in power. A world order built by the Chinese and Americans together is going to be quite different to one just made by the Americans, because it was the US who created all these multilateral institutions - global public goods - that the Americans are blamed for incidents, such as the United Nations, the International Monetary Fund and the World Trade Organization. Despite its faults and excesses, America has reinforced the global system of trade, sovereignty and security for years now - these things didn't just happen by coincidence. It has provided many benefits to free riders the all over the world. History will judge if the United States, generally, did more bad than good. However, there's no God-given guarantee the alternative will be any better.

A rose for emily AP response

Prancer Town gossip is some of the Juiciest and most important news in a small community, it's like an invisible hand that gradually shifts public opinions, and usually becomes a unanimous view of the town. William Faulkner creatively uses first person communal view in his short story'A Rose For Emily† to create a tale narrated by the town's collective opinion. The narration Is told out of chronological order but with a steady flow and quick plot build up giving the story even more of a town gossip feel.Throughout the story the author creates a decaying motif and twists the saying-skeleton in the closest† Into a literal metaphor. The townspeople are onlookers to the decent of another citizen of their town, but they choose to watch her slowly fall and rarely approach her or try to help her. Faulkner's point of view makes this even more effective since It creates a kind of commentary on Emily's life. The story opens with the end, Emily Grierson's funeral.This allows the rea der to assume that the remainder of the story will be about her life, when In fact the plot uilds up to the climatic scene after her burial. Faulkner creates this plot sequence with town gossip, all of the townspeople are remembering her life and recalling her downfall. Not only is it a unanimous telling, it may also be assumed that the story is watered down telling and general of what all the townspeople think or feel about Emily. Others may have had more radical or different opinions but the narration typically leaves out these outliers.Through the eyes of the townspeople we get a very brief image of â€Å"Miss Emily's† life. It seems that not many of them have really even spoken to her, just notice when she is out of the house or when she locks herself back in. The town watches her make an action and then assumes, for instance when she buys arsenic they all make the comment â€Å"‘She will kill herself' and we said it would be the best thing†. To assume that s he will kill herself for buying arsenic would seem to be a cue to help her, instead they almost silently encourage it.The townspeople dont see her as a person; They see her as a source of entertainment, nd they emotionally distance themselves from her. They're only onlookers to her life, the may offer financial support, like dismissing her taxes, but any other help they offer is superficial and without meaning behind it. Even when the women of the town prepared to â€Å"help† when Emily's father died they quickly gave up giving her ald when she denied her father's death. Most of the story she is referred to as â€Å"Miss Emily† and very rarely as a Grierson, only when It's pertaining to her social standing.Even hough being referred to Miss Emily might be a historical quirk It still distances the townspeople from her. With this communal view Faulkner empathizes the emotional dissonance of the townspeople have toward Emily's life, but If the story was told from Emllys vi ew the reader might experience a lonely girl with the world around her controlled with criticism at every turn. Faulkner also using a decaying motif throughout the story, applying It to MISS Emily and her environment, which compliments plot since Emily was falling from race.The Imagery is Introduced early In the story, with her body † She looked bloated, like a body long submerged in motionless water†¦ † and her house in a slmllar conaltlon â€Å"It smelled 0T oust ana Olsuse-a close, clank smell. â€Å". Even tnougn tne townspeople dont see her often they still mention these details. Faulkner's communal third person alienates the reader from Emily's emotions through her life. The townspeople don't see her as a person, instead they Judge her and rarely offer her companionship or help.

Reflection Paper On Frankfurt, Despite Appearances Essay

I will begin, as Frankfurt does, by defining what he means by PAP (principle of alternate possibilities): â€Å"a person is morally responsible for what he has done only if he could have done otherwise† (167). In this paper, I will argue that Frankfurt, despite appearances, does not employ a counterexample in his refutation of PAP. To illustrate how he fails to do so, I will first review how counterexamples operate. Next, I will explore the basis of Frankfurt’s argument in the context of the Jones4 example. And finally, in light of my examination of both counterexamples and Frankfurt’s argument, I will show how the latter is not an instance of the former. Whether Frankfurt achieves his aim of defeating PAP is debatable, but regardless of his argument’s success or failure, it is undeniably not grounded in the strength of a counterexample. A successful counterexample must do two things. First, it must isolate the logical form of the argument. 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